International Journal of Information Technology and Education

An Analysis of Administrative Staff Performance at Universitas Negeri Manado

2026-05-19T20:12:52+07:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of the work environment, work engagement, and quality of work life on employee performance at Manado State University. The study employs a quantitative approach using multiple regression analyses to examine both partial and simultaneous effects of the variables. The results indicate that the work environment and work engagement have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with work engagement emerging as the most dominant factor. Meanwhile, quality of work life also shows a positive effect, although its contribution is relatively small. Simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence employee performance; however, in the partial analysis, only the work environment and work engagement remain significant. These findings suggest that improvements in employee performance are more strongly influenced by the level of work engagement and a conducive work environment. Therefore, organizations should prioritize strategies that enhance employee engagement and foster a supportive work environment to achieve optimal performance.

Cross-Sectoral Collaborative Governance in School Health Services: A Multi-Case Study at Junior High Schools in North Minahasa Regency

2026-05-19T20:12:20+07:00

This research aims to analyze the cross-sectoral collaboration patterns between the education and health sectors in managing School Health Services (UKS) and to develop a governance model adaptive to regional characteristics. The central problem is the phenomenon of Silo Mentality (sectoral ego) and the Health Coverage Gap, which hinders the effectiveness of school health services despite the region's Universal Health Coverage (UHC) status. Employing a qualitative multi-case study approach, this research was conducted at three types of junior high schools in North Minahasa Regency: Urban (SMPN 1 Airmadidi), Rural (SMPN 1 Dimembe), and Private (Manado Independent School). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, followed by cross-case analysis. The findings reveal that: (1) Collaboration patterns remain trapped in administrative formalities and are passive-reactive; (2) Bureaucratic barriers and the absence of resource pooling trigger systemic budgetary gaps in public schools; (3) This study successfully constructed an original model: The Mapalus Spiral Integrative-Adaptive (MSIA). The MSIA model transforms the local wisdom of Mapalus into a social technology that integrates digital presence and context-specific adaptive management. The implications of the study emphasize that effective UKS governance requires a shift from administrative leadership to adaptive leadership rooted in local collectivity and digital innovation.

Governance Analysis of An Electronic-Based Integrated Secretariat Information Management System in Election Supervision

2026-05-23T11:25:39+07:00

This article analyzes the governance of an electronic-based integrated secretariat information management system, known as SIMASTER, in supporting election supervision functions at a provincial election supervisory institution. The study is grounded in the transformation of public administration toward digital governance, where information systems are expected to strengthen efficiency, transparency, accountability, and data-based decision making. A qualitative descriptive approach was used through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis focuses on three issues: governance of SIMASTER in supporting the supervisory function, the role of SIMASTER in carrying out election supervisory duties under Law Number 7 of 2017, and the function of SIMASTER in managing election supervision data. The findings show that SIMASTER contributes to faster reporting of alleged violations, better coordination between provincial and local supervisory structures, more systematic documentation, and more transparent monitoring of case progress. However, the system has not yet reached optimal institutional maturity because of uneven technological infrastructure, limited digital literacy among field supervisors, insufficient public outreach, and the need for stronger regulatory and strategic institutionalization. The study argues that the effectiveness of digital election supervision is not determined only by the availability of an application, but also by governance mechanisms, human resource readiness, data validity, interoperability, and public trust. The article recommends strengthening formal governance arrangements, integrating SIMASTER with other electoral systems, improving digital infrastructure in remote areas, providing continuous training, and expanding public communication so that digital election supervision becomes more inclusive, accountable, and sustainable.

Adaptive Time Management Strategies in Surgical Residency Education: A Qualitative Study in a Teaching Hospital in Manado

2026-05-28T08:20:56+07:00

Surgical residency education places learners in an unusually demanding learning environment in which clinical care, academic responsibility, operative exposure, research tasks, documentation, and personal recovery compete for limited time. This article analyzes adaptive time management strategies used by surgical residents in a teaching hospital in Manado and formulates a contextual model for supporting professional learning and resident well-being. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving surgical residents, clinical supervisors, and a residency education coordinator. Thematic analysis identified three interrelated dimensions of time management: planning, implementation, and evaluation. Planning was characterized by adaptive daily prioritization, clinical urgency mapping, and individualized self-management tools. Implementation was characterized by flexibility in response to emergency cases, teamwork, micro-learning during clinical gaps, and adjustment to unpredictable clinical rhythms. Evaluation was carried out through personal reflection, peer feedback, and supervisor input, although institutional monitoring remained limited. The findings show that time management is not merely a technical scheduling activity but a professional self-regulation competence shaped by workload, clinical pressure, team culture, institutional support, and adult learning experience. The article proposes an adaptive-reflective time management model that integrates strategic clinical prioritization, flexible time blocking, integrated clinical learning, reflective practice, supervisor coaching, and system-level policy feedback. The model contributes to clinical education management by positioning time management as a humanistic and sustainable strategy for improving learning effectiveness, professional identity formation, and resident well-being.

Integrated Phlebotomy Training Model for Healthcare Workers in a Private Hospital in North Minahasa

2026-05-28T08:21:59+07:00

Phlebotomy is a high-frequency clinical procedure whose quality strongly affects laboratory accuracy, patient safety, service efficiency, and public trust in hospital care. This article examines the governance of a phlebotomy training model for healthcare workers in a private hospital in North Minahasa by focusing on planning, implementation, evaluation, and formulation of an integrated model. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, focus group discussion, and documentation of training plans, standard operating procedures, learning activities, and evaluation records. Data were analyzed thematically through transcription, coding, categorization, triangulation, and interpretation based on educational management and health-training theories. The findings show that training planning had been initiated through curriculum preparation, competency-need identification, standard operating procedures, and management involvement. However, planning remained more administrative than performance-based because it was not fully supported by a measurable competency map, modern simulation facilities, certified instructors, and digital learning infrastructure. Training implementation combined lectures, demonstrations, and laboratory practice, but it was still dominated by conventional methods and limited simulation. Evaluation showed improvement in knowledge, but psychomotor skill, workplace behavior, and organizational outcomes were not yet measured consistently. The proposed model integrates ADDIE, POAC, blended learning, simulation, mentoring, Kirkpatrick-based evaluation, clinical audit, and continuous professional development. The model is expected to strengthen technical competence, communication ethics, patient safety, data-based monitoring, and sustainable service quality improvement.

Educational Management Model for Enhancing Medical Professional Competence in Forensic and Medicolegal Education through Artificial Wound Simulation

2026-05-28T08:23:23+07:00

This article examines the management of competency improvement for participants in a medical professional education program in forensic and medicolegal sciences. The central problem is the gap between expected forensic-medical competence and the limited learning conditions experienced during a short clinical rotation, particularly the scarcity of real forensic cases that can be observed and practiced directly by learners. The study used a qualitative case-study approach based on in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis was organized through the educational management functions of planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling (POAC), and was integrated with competency-based medical education, simulation-based learning, and continuous quality improvement. The findings show that competency improvement requires careful planning of competency needs, an integrated curriculum, structured resources, active implementation through lectures, case discussions, laboratory practice, artificial wound simulation, and repeated writing exercises for Visum et Repertum. Evaluation through formative feedback, summative assessment, and simulation-based Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) indicated improvement in descriptive, analytical, documentary, confidence, and collaborative competencies. The article proposes an educational management model that integrates POAC with artificial wound simulation as an innovation to address limited rotation time and real-case scarcity. The model strengthens technical competence, reflective learning, medicolegal reasoning, and quality assurance in forensic medical education.

Development of an Educational Management Model for Antimicrobial Stewardship among Medical Students

2026-05-28T08:24:15+07:00

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most urgent public health challenges in contemporary medical practice. Medical education has a strategic role in preparing future physicians to use antimicrobials rationally; however, antimicrobial stewardship is often taught in a fragmented manner, with limited integration between theoretical pharmacology, clinical reasoning, simulation, and digital self-directed learning. This article presents the development, feasibility assessment, and effectiveness evaluation of an educational management model for antimicrobial stewardship among medical students. The study applied a research and development approach using the ADDIE framework, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, while program evaluation was strengthened through the CIPP logic of context, input, process, and product evaluation. Data were obtained through curriculum review, observation, expert validation, learning trials, pre-test and post-test assessment, clinical simulation observation, and student feedback. The findings show that the developed model integrates problem-based learning, simulation-based learning, project-based learning, OSCE-oriented assessment, and digital online self-directed learning. Expert validation indicated that the module was highly feasible in terms of content, language, technology, and implementation. Implementation involving 40 medical students showed improvement in mean knowledge scores from 64.75 before intervention to 87.75 after intervention, with a significant Wilcoxon test result and very large effect size. Students also demonstrated improved clinical decision-making in indication, antimicrobial selection, dosing, duration, culture interpretation, and professional attitude. The model provides a structured, adaptive, and sustainable educational management framework for strengthening rational antimicrobial use in medical education.

Behavior Change Management Model for Patients with Skin Diseases in Hospital-Based Dermatological Care: A Qualitative Educational Management Study

2026-05-28T08:25:02+07:00

This article presents a qualitative educational management study on the development of a behavior change management model for patients with skin diseases in hospital settings in Manado City. The study is grounded in the problem that clinical treatment for dermatological conditions is frequently not followed by consistent patient adherence to therapy, self-care routines, trigger avoidance, and long-term follow-up. The study employed a phenomenological qualitative design involving physicians, health professionals, and patients. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, observation, and document analysis, and analyzed through data reduction, coding, thematic categorization, display, verification, and triangulation. The findings show that patient education has already been practiced as part of dermatological consultation; however, educational planning remains largely individual, implicit, situation-based, and dependent on each physician's experience. The implementation of education is mostly verbal, informative, and clinic-centered, while participatory dialogue, family involvement, written materials, follow-up documentation, and behavioral evaluation remain limited. Patients interpret behavior change as a gradual learning process involving cognitive understanding, emotional acceptance, confidence, professional support, and personal experience. The article proposes a contextual model consisting of needs-based planning, collaborative organization, participatory implementation, meaning reconstruction, reinforcement, and continuous evaluation. The model contributes to educational management by framing hospitals as non-formal learning spaces and patients as adult learners whose sustained behavioral change requires structured, empathetic, culturally sensitive, and continuously monitored education. The model also strengthens promotive and preventive functions in dermatological care by linking clinical management with patient learning and behavior change.

Educational Management Effectiveness in Improving Patient Safety in a Radiology Unit: An Integrated Man, Machine, and Money Approach

2026-05-28T08:25:51+07:00

Patient safety in radiology requires more than technical compliance; it depends on how a hospital manages human competence, technology-intensive infrastructure, and the financial resources that sustain training and equipment maintenance. This article analyzes the effectiveness of educational management in improving patient safety in a radiology unit through the integrated Man, Machine, and Money framework. The study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, while qualitative data from interviews, observation, and document review were analyzed thematically to explain and deepen the statistical results. The findings show that human resource competence, facilities and infrastructure management, and financial management are statistically significant determinants of patient safety in radiology. Human competence produced the strongest practical emphasis because staff knowledge, safety training, radiation protection behavior, and adherence to standard operating procedures directly shape safe work performance. Facilities and infrastructure management contributed by ensuring that CT scan, MRI, X-ray, and supporting equipment are maintained, calibrated, and used according to risk-control standards. Financial management influenced patient safety by determining the sustainability of training, maintenance, protective equipment, and monitoring systems, although its statistical coefficient requires contextual interpretation because budget realization was constrained by internal bureaucracy. The qualitative phase revealed persistent barriers: limited continuous training, uneven certification, non-optimal equipment maintenance, insufficient simulation facilities, and delayed budget realization. The article proposes an integrated educational management model based on continuous quality improvement, learning organization principles, and PDCA cycles. The model positions patient safety as the outcome of coordinated development of people, equipment, and accountable financing. The study contributes to educational management in healthcare by demonstrating that patient safety education should be managed as an organizational learning system rather than as isolated training events.

Social Media Use, Digital Literacy, and Counseling Effectiveness as Predictors of Reproductive Health Knowledge among Medical Students: An Educational Management Perspective

2026-05-28T08:26:38+07:00

This article analyzes the influence of social media use, digital literacy, and the effectiveness of reproductive health counseling on medical students' reproductive health knowledge. The study is positioned within educational management because digital platforms, information literacy, and counseling programs are not merely instructional tools; they represent a managed learning ecosystem that requires planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. A quantitative survey design was used with 276 medical students as respondents. Data were collected through structured questionnaires measuring four constructs: social media use, digital literacy, counseling effectiveness, and reproductive health knowledge. Instrument testing showed that all indicators were valid, while reliability coefficients were strong for social media use (Cronbach's alpha = 0.939), digital literacy (0.923), counseling effectiveness (0.933), and reproductive health knowledge (0.926). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the three predictors simultaneously explained 51.3% of the variance in reproductive health knowledge (R = 0.716; R² = 0.513; F = 95.551; p < 0.001). In the final model, social media use showed the strongest standardized effect (β = 0.381), followed by counseling effectiveness (β = 0.346) and digital literacy (β = 0.261). The findings imply that reproductive health education in medical education should be managed as an integrated digital education strategy, combining credible social media content, critical digital literacy development, and interactive counseling. The article contributes to educational management by proposing a practical pathway for strengthening evidence-based reproductive health knowledge through digital learning governance.

Participatory Election Oversight Socialization and Public Participation: An Implementation Analysis of Electoral Supervision in North Sulawesi

2026-05-28T08:27:19+07:00

This article analyzes the implementation of a participatory election oversight socialization program and its implications for public participation in election supervision in North Sulawesi. The study is positioned within public administration and policy implementation because participatory oversight is not merely a communication activity; it is an institutional intervention designed to transform citizens from passive voters into active democratic supervisors. A qualitative descriptive-analytical approach was used. Data were generated through interviews with strategic implementers, technical staff, participatory oversight cadres, and community participants, supported by observation and document analysis. The analysis applies Edward III's implementation framework, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure, and connects these dimensions with supporting and inhibiting factors affecting citizen participation. The findings show that the program has been implemented through vulnerability-based regional mapping, targeted participant selection, face-to-face and online dissemination, case simulation, discussion, pre-test and post-test activities, and follow-up communication through WhatsApp groups and contact persons. Communication, disposition, and bureaucratic structure generally support implementation, but resources remain the weakest dimension because of budget limitations, archipelagic geography, uneven internet access, limited activity duration, and the insufficient readiness of citizens to prepare initial evidence for reports. The program improves electoral knowledge, awareness, consultation behavior, and initial courage to report violations, but public participation has not fully developed into strong, timely, and complete formal reporting. The article proposes an integrated model of sustainable participatory oversight based on risk-based planning, localized case simulation, cadre networks, accessible reporting channels, and continuous feedback. The study contributes to policy implementation literature by showing that citizen participation in electoral supervision requires institutional education, social trust, reporting protection, and resource-sensitive program design.

Internal Control and Risk Mitigation in Regional Election Grant Fund Management: A Public Financial Governance Perspective

2026-05-28T08:28:03+07:00

This article analyzes the internal control system and risk mitigation practices used in the management of regional election grant funds at a provincial election supervisory institution in North Sulawesi. The study is positioned within public administration and public financial management because regional election grant funds are not ordinary operational funds; they are public resources transferred through a specific intergovernmental grant mechanism and used to support high-intensity electoral supervision. A qualitative descriptive approach was used through interviews, observation, and document analysis involving strategic, technical, and operational actors in grant fund management. The findings show that the management mechanism has been implemented through a relatively complete cycle of planning and budgeting, fund disbursement, activity implementation, administration and accountability, reconciliation, reporting, monitoring, and follow-up. Internal control supports accountability through authority division, layered verification, accountability checklists, hierarchical coordination, and follow-up on audit findings. However, the system remains less than optimal because recurring risks still appear, including delays in accountability reports, weak documentation, tax administration errors, travel cost discrepancies, limited human resources, and the absence of a specific risk register for regional election grant funds. The article argues that internal control is reasonably effective for detection, correction, and follow-up, but preventive control must be strengthened through standardized procedures, staff capacity development, digital archiving, risk-register preparation, and integration between planning, implementation, and accountability systems. The study contributes to public administration by linking internal control, risk mitigation, and electoral grant fund accountability in one analytical framework.

The Role of the Principal's Academic Supervision and Teacher Work Motivation in Improving Teacher Professionalism at SMKN 7 Manado

2026-05-28T16:45:57+07:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of the principal's academic supervision and teacher work motivation on teacher professionalism, both partially and simultaneously, at SMK Negeri 7 Manado. This study used a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The population and sample were all 38 teachers at SMK Negeri 7 Manado, using a census sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the classical assumption test, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²) using SPSS. The results showed that: (1) the principal's academic supervision had a significant effect on teacher professionalism with a significance value of 0.039 < 0.05, but with a negative direction of the effect, indicating that the implementation of supervision has not fully shifted from an evaluative paradigm to a continuous professional development approach; (2) teacher work motivation had a significant effect on teacher professionalism with a significance value of 0.026 < 0.05, with a negative direction of the effect reflecting the dominance of extrinsic motivation over intrinsic motivation in developing teacher professional competence; (3) The principal's academic supervision and teacher work motivation simultaneously have a significant effect on teacher professionalism, with a calculated F-value of 4.737 and a significance level of 0.015 < 0.05. The Adjusted R² value of 0.168 indicates that these two variables contribute 16.8% to the variation in teacher professionalism, while 83.2% is influenced by factors outside this research model. This study recommends transforming the academic supervision approach from an inspection model to a dialogic and reflective coaching model, as well as strengthening teacher intrinsic motivation by providing professional autonomy and creating a collaborative culture in the school environment.

Analysis of Learning Commitment and Learning Discipline with Student Learning Achievement at State Vocational School 1 Tomohon

2026-05-29T11:23:56+07:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of learning commitment and learning discipline on student achievement at SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon in the context of vocational education. The study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design through regression analysis to test the causal relationship between variables. The research variables consist of learning commitment and learning discipline as independent variables, and student learning achievement as the dependent variable. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability, while learning achievement data were obtained through documentation of student academic grades. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics through normality tests, linearity tests, regression significance tests, and path coefficient analysis. The results showed that learning commitment has a direct positive and significant effect on student learning achievement with a path coefficient value of ρy1 = 0.265 and tcount = 2.039 > ttable = 1.66 at a significance level of α = 0.05. In addition, learning discipline was also proven to have a positive and more dominant direct influence on student learning achievement with a path coefficient value of ρy2 = 0.491 and thitung = 7.290 > ttabel = 1.66. These findings indicate that the improvement in learning achievement of vocational high school students is not only influenced by academic ability, but also by learning engagement, behavioral consistency, self-control, and adherence to the learning process. In the context of technical and vocational education, learning commitment and learning discipline are strategic factors in shaping work readiness, professional responsibility, and the quality of graduates who are adaptive to the needs of the industrial world. This study provides theoretical contributions to the development of vocational education studies as well as practical implications for strengthening learning culture and character-based learning strategies in vocational high schools.

Protocol Division Roles in Facilitating Regional Head Activities: A Public Management Study at a Regional Secretariat

2026-06-02T05:23:25+07:00

This article analyzes the role of the Protocol and Leadership Communication Division in facilitating the official activities of a regional head within a city regional secretariat. Although protocol work is often perceived as ceremonial, the findings show that it operates as a strategic public management function involving coordination, agenda governance, event arrangement, and field assistance for the regional head. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were obtained from interviews, observation, and documentation and were analyzed through the interactive model of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The study found that the protocol division contributed substantially to the smoothness of regional-head activities through structured cross-agency coordination, rapid formal and informal communication, systematic agenda management, technical event preparation, and direct leadership assistance in the field. However, implementation was constrained by delayed information from organizing agencies, sudden schedule changes, incomplete technical data, limited protocol personnel when activities occurred simultaneously, and different perceptions among agencies regarding protocol standards. The article argues that the protocol function should be understood not only as ceremonial support but also as an integrative administrative mechanism that connects leadership mobility, organizational coordination, public symbolism, and service quality. The recommended improvement strategy includes strengthening integrated digital agenda management, standardizing cross-agency operating procedures, improving early notification discipline, building protocol contingency capacity, and institutionalizing documentation-based coordination. The article contributes to public administration by demonstrating how protocol management supports administrative effectiveness, leadership legitimacy, and the operational quality of local government activities.

Health Education Management Strategies to Achieve Stunting Reduction Targets in Minahasa Regency

2026-06-04T05:42:43+07:00

This article analyzes health education management strategies for accelerating the reduction of stunting in Minahasa Regency. The study is positioned within educational management because stunting reduction is not only a biomedical intervention but also a managed learning process that requires planning, role distribution, community education, inter-sector coordination, monitoring, and sustainability. A qualitative design was used through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document review involving health workers, posyandu cadres, and affected community members. The findings show that health services for stunting reduction have been implemented through primary health care channels such as puskesmas, posyandu, and referral services. The services include antenatal care, iron supplementation, supplementary feeding, immunization, growth monitoring, nutrition education, and follow-up for children with nutritional problems. However, the target has not been fully achieved because stunting remains a multidimensional problem shaped by socioeconomic conditions, cultural practices, incomplete behavior change, limited human resources, fragmented data, and weak cross-sector integration. The article proposes an integrated health education management model consisting of Division of Work, Promotive Education, Preventive Action, Life-Cycle Approach, Community-Based Action, Integrated Services, and Sustainability. The model contributes to educational management by framing stunting reduction as a coordinated system of learning, behavior change, and public health governance.

Policy Implementation of Village Boundary Confirmation and Determination: A Qualitative Study of Administrative Boundary Governance in Two Adjacent Villages

2026-06-10T06:14:45+07:00

This article analyzes the implementation of village boundary confirmation and determination policy in two adjacent villages that experienced a prolonged administrative boundary dispute. The study is positioned within public administration because village boundaries are not merely cartographic lines; they define legal authority, service coverage, development planning, asset governance, and social harmony. A qualitative descriptive design was used, supported by interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis applied the policy implementation perspective of George C. Edward III, especially communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings show that the implementation process has formally followed the logic of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 45 of 2016, including document inventory, technical tracing, kartometric analysis, mapping, facilitation, and deliberation. However, the process has not yet produced a final and binding boundary decision. The main obstacles include different interpretations of the same legal basis, fragmented historical and spatial data, limited technical mapping capacity at the village level, inadequate integration of geospatial information, strong community attachment to historical claims, and coordination that has not yet generated a mutually accepted agreement. The article argues that boundary policy implementation requires not only procedural compliance but also an integrated governance mechanism that combines legal validation, geospatial data management, participatory deliberation, and authoritative decision-making. The study contributes to public administration by showing that effective boundary governance depends on the interaction between policy clarity, technical capacity, collaborative communication, and institutional authority.

Development of a Holistic Teacher Performance Evaluation Model at Catholic High Schools in Manado

2026-06-12T05:53:42+07:00

This study aims to develop a holistic and contextual teacher performance evaluation model for Catholic senior high schools in Manado. The study is motivated by the limitations of existing evaluation systems, which tend to focus primarily on pedagogical and professional aspects and have not fully integrated personality, social, and spiritual dimensions. The research approach combines theoretical analysis with empirical findings obtained through needs assessment and field study, resulting in a model construction that is relevant to the context of Catholic education. The findings indicate that the current evaluation system remains administrative and partial in nature and is not yet supported by comprehensive evaluation instruments. Therefore, a holistic teacher performance evaluation model was developed, encompassing five main dimensions: pedagogical, professional, personality, social, and spiritual. This model is designed as an integrated evaluation system oriented toward the comprehensive development of teachers and aligned with the values of Catholic education. The implications of this study highlight the importance of transforming evaluation systems toward a more comprehensive approach, utilizing multidimensional instruments, and strengthening both teacher professionalism and spirituality. The developed model has the potential to be utilized as a conceptual framework for schools, teachers, educational foundations, and policymakers in improving educational quality. However, this model remains conceptual and requires further empirical validation through subsequent studies to examine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in broader implementation.

Governance of Village Boundary Segment Affirmation: A Qualitative Study of Sea and East Koha Villages in Minahasa Regency

2026-06-13T07:29:00+07:00

This article analyzes the governance of village boundary segment affirmation between Sea Village and East Koha Village in Minahasa Regency. The study is situated within public administration, public management, territorial administration, and boundary governance. The case is important because village boundaries are not merely cartographic lines; they define administrative authority, public service jurisdiction, planning responsibility, asset management, and community access to government protection. Although formal procedures for village boundary determination and affirmation are provided by the Indonesian regulatory framework, the boundary segment between the two villages has not reached a final agreement. This article uses a qualitative descriptive approach based on in-depth interviews, document analysis, and limited administrative observation. The findings show that the boundary affirmation process has already passed several formal stages, including team formation, data and document collection, facilitation, cartometric tracing, and preparation of maps and coordinates. Nevertheless, the process remains unresolved because socio-historical interpretations, institutional governance limitations, inter-actor coordination, local leadership dynamics, and the low level of social pressure have prevented the transformation of technical outputs into a binding administrative decision. The study concludes that unresolved village boundary affirmation is less a purely technical mapping problem than a governance problem that requires stronger coordination, shared interpretation of evidence, community legitimacy, and decisive administrative follow-up. The article recommends an integrated boundary governance model that combines legal certainty, geospatial evidence, participatory mediation, and final decision-making by authorized local government institutions.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership Ethics, Inclusive Education and Work Commitment on Teacher Loyalty Models in Senior High Schools in Tomohon City

2026-06-14T07:19:17+07:00

Education was the main pillar in building quality human resources, both intellectually, morally, and socially. As a strategic investment, education plays a role in producing individuals who were able to face global challenges and contribute to the progress of society. The objectives of this study were; To determine the influence of Transformational Leadership Ethics on the Teacher Loyalty Model in Tomohon City Senior High Schools. To determine the influence of Inclusive Education on the Teacher Loyalty Model in Tomohon City Senior High Schools. To determine the influence of Work Commitment on the Teacher Loyalty Model in Tomohon City Senior High Schools. To determine the influence of Transformational Leadership Ethics, Inclusive Education and Work Commitment on the Teacher Loyalty Model in Tomohon City Senior High Schools. This study used a causality research design. Causal research design was used to prove the relationship between cause and effect of several variables. Causal research usually uses an experimental method, namely by controlling independent variables that would affect the dependent variable in a planned situation. For the Transformational Leadership Ethics variable, the dimension with the strongest influence was the idealized influence dimension on the rational dimension in the Teacher Loyalty Model, because it had a coefficient value = 0.646. For the Inclusive Education variable, the dimension with the strongest influence was the Accessibility dimension on the emotional dimension in the Teacher Loyalty Model, because it had a coefficient value = 0.861. For the Work Commitment variable, the dimension with the strongest influence was Continuance Commitment on the personality dimension in the Teacher Loyalty Model, because it has a coefficient value = 1.000. Based on the results above, it could be concluded; Transformational leadership ethics had a positive and significant influence on the teacher loyalty model. Inclusive education had a positive and significant influence on teacher loyalty. Work commitment had a positive and significant influence on the teacher loyalty model

Beyond Standardized Leadership: An Adaptive-Contextual Model of School Principal Leadership in a Remote Highland School in Papua, Indonesia

2026-06-20T09:46:14+07:00

Effective school leadership remains decisive for educational quality, yet principals serving in Indonesia’s frontier, outermost, and disadvantaged (3T) regions, particularly in the highlands of Papua, must lead under extreme geographic isolation, severe resource scarcity, and culturally distinct community structures that single-style leadership theories rarely capture as an integrated whole. This study aimed to identify the leadership style applied by the principal of SMA Negeri 1 Pirime, Lanny Jaya Regency, Papua Highlands Province, and to explore the internal and external factors that support and hinder its implementation. A qualitative descriptive design was employed; data were collected through in-depth interviews with the principal, teachers, administrative staff, and a school committee representative, complemented by participatory observation and document analysis, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. Results show that the principal did not rely on a single leadership style but integrated four complementary approaches, transformational, participative/democratic, culturally responsive, and situational leadership, into one cohesive practice. Transformational leadership substituted for the absence of physical facilities by mobilizing teachers’ motivation and moral commitment; participative and culturally responsive approaches secured social legitimacy by embedding customary and religious values into school governance; and situational leadership enabled differentiated guidance according to teachers’ varying competence. Supporting factors were dominated by social capital, the principal’s personal integrity, teachers’ sense of vocational calling, and strong community-religious respect for educators, while inhibiting factors centered on geographic isolation, the absence of connectivity, uneven teacher competence, early-marriage practices, and uniform national policy standards poorly suited to remote contexts. The study concludes that this practice constitutes an emergent Adaptive-Contextual Leadership model in which social and cultural capital substitute for missing physical and technological resources to sustain meaningful education delivery under extreme constraints. These findings imply that principal preparation programs and education policy for Indonesia’s 3T regions should shift from uniform, facility-based standards toward context-sensitive frameworks that formally recognize local social and cultural capital as legitimate educational resources.

The Role of the School Principal in Improving the Quality of Inclusive Education at SMP Negeri 6 South Halmahera, North Maluku Province

2026-06-20T09:47:37+07:00

Inclusive education has emerged as a pivotal policy mandate in Indonesia, requiring schools to accommodate all learners, including those with special needs, within regular educational settings; however, its quality implementation remains a formidable challenge, particularly in resource-constrained and geographically isolated areas. Effective school leadership is widely recognized as a key determinant of successful inclusive education, yet empirical evidence from junior secondary schools in remote island regions of Eastern Indonesia is critically lacking. This study aims to examine the role of the school principal in improving the quality of inclusive education at SMP Negeri 6 South Halmahera, North Maluku Province. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and document analysis from purposively selected informants comprising the principal, teachers, and educational staff; data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that the principal executes five interrelated roles, educator, manager, supervisor, motivator, and innovator, to build an inclusive school culture, with key strategies including socialization of inclusive education concepts, enhancement of teacher competencies, adaptation of learning methods and assessment systems, and the creation of a non-discriminatory school environment. Supporting factors include government policy support, strong commitment from the principal and teachers, and active parental participation, while inhibiting factors encompass limited facilities and infrastructure, a shortage of special education personnel, and insufficient training opportunities for regular classroom teachers. These findings affirm that participatory and adaptive school leadership is the central driver of inclusive education quality, even in severely resource-limited contexts, and that human leadership capital can effectively compensate for infrastructural deficits. This study implies that targeted leadership development programs and collaborative support networks for principals in remote Indonesian schools are urgently needed to sustain and scale inclusive education quality

Implementation of Extracurricular Programs in Enhancing Students’ Talents and Interests at SMA Negeri 26 Halmahera Selatan, North Maluku Province

2026-06-20T09:46:49+07:00

Extracurricular programs constitute a vital component of holistic education, providing students with structured opportunities to develop talents, interests, and character traits that formal classroom instruction alone cannot fully cultivate. However, the effectiveness of such programs hinges on sound implementation, adequate facilities, and committed institutional support, challenges that are particularly pronounced in schools situated in geographically remote or resource-limited areas. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of extracurricular programs in enhancing the talents and interests of students at SMA Negeri 26 Halmahera Selatan, North Maluku Province, Indonesia. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis involving the school principal, vice-principal for student affairs, extracurricular supervisors, and students. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with triangulation of sources and techniques applied to ensure trustworthiness. Findings revealed that extracurricular implementation was carried out through three systematic stages: planning, execution, and monitoring. The school functioned as a facilitator by providing dedicated time and policy support, while extracurricular supervisors played a pivotal role in guiding, training, and motivating students. Student participation was predominantly positive, driven by intrinsic interest and the social learning opportunities offered by extracurricular activities. Nevertheless, implementation was constrained by limited facilities and time allocation, as well as geographical barriers affecting student attendance consistency. Extracurricular programs at SMA Negeri 26 Halmahera Selatan yielded meaningful positive impacts on student talent development, self-confidence, and social skills, demonstrating that committed human resources and collaborative management can offset resource limitations. Schools in resource-constrained and geographically remote settings should prioritize relational, mentorship-based approaches in extracurricular management as a viable strategy for optimizing student potential development.